The Ten Words are a valid observation of causal links inherent in universe no matter its (super)natural origin or lack of thereof, and you can talk about anthropocentric formulation as limitations of the era only in the case of the first five commandments as the second half that deals exclusively with interpersonal relationships is by definition centered around human affairs and is applicable verbatim today as it was back then.

On one hand, I can understand that you may take issue with the fact that the tenth commandment talks exclusively about envying neighbor's wife and not also about envying neighbor's husband, or that it mentions slaves, who are, however, not that different in social standing from medieval peasants or current day employees, but the actual social dynamic, which that command describes, works the same today as it worked in the times when the Ten Words were composed. And the dynamic is the same not because of social conditioning, but simply because of human evolutionary makeup.

Thus, the Ten Words are hardly just a product of patriarchy etc., even though their wording may reflect the social order of the era. However, Jeremiah already mentions that the Law was tampered with, so that’s that.