The problem I see with China is that the professed atheism is not the same as actual beliefs and practices. This was always the case in states with Marxist-Leninist ideology -- when asked, people would fill in their "religion" as atheist in order to toe the party line and play it safe, but then would happily go to church of their choice (which were allowed to exist and function pretty freely unless they meddled in politics), which made the religion a private affair -- not bad per se, but not unifying either.

Furthermore, I have my doubts about top down enforcement of any kind of unifying ideology. It never worked in the long run, not even with money. But what certainly unifies most of the Chinese is their hate toward their authoritarian government -- you can rest assured of that. Still, that's hardly a viable option.

As for the short span of our technological influences. Well, again, if you look into history, almost all species that had a significant impact on their environment actually contributed with their activity to their demise (great oxygenation event, dinosaurs ate more than what was able to regrow and they were already dying out long before the asteroid hit, etc.). And the same dynamic works even on smaller spatiotemporal scales. I don't see why human would be an exception as the "striving for equilibrium" is baked into the system, so to speak. But as I said, the most important factor is that the actual premise of transhumanism is pretty off, dare I say, ignorant (of the larger picture).