"...if it can be shown that any argument is faulty because of the philosopher’s psychology..."

Only in extreme cases. Around the peak of Gaussian curve not "any" but "many." A hit or miss, essentially.

"...it is clearly not possible to examine what is actually unconscious..."

Yes, but you can observe the precise moment when "unconsciouss" content enters awareness. That's an empirical fact.

"But how does he think they will become conscious, if not by a process of self-analysis?"

Some kind of shock. That's how it happens to all who don't prefer voluntary self-analysis.

"...ongoing argument against materialism ... Anti-materialism (spirituality, for example)..."

Lol. I guess I know what you mean, still -- spirituality ends when you embrace materialism, but so does materialism. You are on a funny crusade ;)

"...near-death experience..."

That's the keyword. No one ever came back to tell the story. Once body goes silent, that's it. Well, and then there's Jesus of course :D